Have you ever wondered about the potential consequences of accidentally using diaper cream instead of sunscreen on a child? This seemingly simple mistake can lead to a variety of skin reactions and discomfort. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the effects of diaper cream on the skin when used as sunscreen, how to differentiate between these two products, the proper usage of each, and essential first aid steps in case of accidental application. Understanding these aspects will ensure you are well-prepared to handle such situations, safeguarding your child's skin health. Let's explore this crucial topic in detail, providing you with the knowledge and confidence to protect your little one.
Understanding the Difference Between Diaper Cream and Sunscreen
When it comes to skincare for children, two essential products often come into play: diaper cream and sunscreen. While both are designed to protect the skin, they serve different purposes and have distinct formulations. To understand the potential consequences of mistaking one for the other, it's crucial to first differentiate between them.
Diaper Cream
Diaper cream is specifically formulated to treat and prevent diaper rash. The primary function of diaper cream is to create a protective barrier on the skin, shielding it from moisture and irritants found in diapers. This barrier helps to prevent chafing, redness, and inflammation, which are common symptoms of diaper rash. Diaper creams typically contain ingredients such as zinc oxide, petrolatum, and lanolin, all of which contribute to their protective and healing properties. Zinc oxide, in particular, is a key component, known for its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities. It forms a physical barrier that repels moisture and soothes irritated skin. Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly, is an emollient that helps to lock in moisture and keep the skin hydrated. Lanolin, derived from sheep's wool, is another emollient that softens the skin and helps to maintain its natural moisture balance. The texture of diaper cream is usually thick and pasty, allowing it to adhere well to the skin and provide long-lasting protection. This consistency is essential for creating an effective barrier against wetness and irritants. Diaper creams are designed to be applied liberally to clean, dry skin at each diaper change, ensuring continuous protection. The ingredients in diaper cream are generally safe for use on a baby's delicate skin, but they are not intended for widespread application or use as sun protection.
Sunscreen
Sunscreen, on the other hand, is designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. UV radiation can cause sunburn, premature aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. Sunscreens work by either absorbing or reflecting UV rays before they can penetrate the skin. There are two main types of sunscreen: mineral and chemical. Mineral sunscreens contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which create a physical barrier that reflects UV rays. These are often recommended for babies and individuals with sensitive skin because they are less likely to cause irritation. Chemical sunscreens, on the other hand, contain chemicals that absorb UV radiation and release it as heat. Common chemical sunscreen ingredients include avobenzone, octinoxate, and oxybenzone. Sunscreens are rated by their Sun Protection Factor (SPF), which indicates how well they protect against UVB rays, the primary cause of sunburn. The higher the SPF, the more protection it offers. However, it's important to note that no sunscreen can block 100% of UV rays. Sunscreen should be applied liberally 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating. The texture of sunscreen is typically lighter than diaper cream, making it easier to spread over large areas of the body. Sunscreens are formulated to be absorbed into the skin (in the case of chemical sunscreens) or to create a thin, even layer on the skin's surface (in the case of mineral sunscreens). The active ingredients in sunscreen are specifically chosen for their ability to protect against UV radiation, making them an essential tool in preventing sun damage.
In summary, while both diaper cream and sunscreen protect the skin, they do so in different ways and for different reasons. Diaper cream creates a moisture barrier to prevent diaper rash, while sunscreen protects against UV radiation. Understanding these differences is crucial in preventing accidental misuse and ensuring the health and safety of your child's skin.
What Happens When Diaper Cream is Used as Sunscreen?
Accidentally applying diaper cream instead of sunscreen can have several effects on the skin, none of which provide adequate protection from the sun's harmful rays. Understanding these potential consequences is essential for knowing how to respond and prevent such situations in the future. When diaper cream is used as sunscreen, it fails to provide the necessary defense against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leaving the skin vulnerable to sunburn and long-term damage. The primary function of sunscreen is to either absorb or reflect UV rays, thereby preventing them from penetrating the skin and causing harm. Diaper cream, on the other hand, is formulated to create a moisture barrier, not a UV barrier. Consequently, it lacks the active ingredients needed to protect against the sun.
Lack of Sun Protection
The most significant consequence of using diaper cream as sunscreen is the lack of sun protection. Diaper creams do not contain the UV-absorbing or UV-reflecting ingredients found in sunscreens, such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, avobenzone, or oxybenzone. Without these ingredients, the skin is fully exposed to the damaging effects of UVA and UVB rays. UVB rays are the primary cause of sunburn, while UVA rays contribute to premature aging and skin cancer. Using diaper cream in place of sunscreen can result in a painful sunburn, which can cause redness, blistering, and peeling. In severe cases, sunburn can lead to fever, dehydration, and the need for medical attention. Furthermore, repeated sun exposure without adequate protection increases the risk of developing skin cancer later in life. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the skin is properly protected with sunscreen whenever it is exposed to the sun. The misconception that diaper cream can act as a sunscreen due to its white, opaque appearance is dangerous. While the cream may create a visible barrier on the skin, this barrier does not block UV rays. The active ingredients in sunscreen are what provide the crucial protection, and diaper cream simply does not have them.
Potential Skin Reactions
Another potential consequence of using diaper cream as sunscreen is the possibility of adverse skin reactions. While diaper cream is generally safe for use on the diaper area, applying it to other parts of the body, especially over large areas, can lead to issues. Diaper creams are designed to be thick and occlusive, meaning they create a barrier that traps moisture. When applied to areas other than the diaper region, this occlusive effect can lead to clogged pores and skin irritation, particularly in hot or humid conditions. The ingredients in diaper cream, such as zinc oxide and petrolatum, while beneficial for treating diaper rash, are not necessarily ideal for use on all skin types or in all environments. For instance, applying a thick layer of diaper cream to the face can clog pores and lead to acne breakouts. Additionally, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to certain ingredients in diaper cream. This can result in redness, itching, and inflammation of the skin. Allergic reactions can vary in severity, from mild irritation to more severe symptoms that require medical treatment. It is important to note that the skin on the face and body is different from the skin in the diaper area. The skin in the diaper area is often exposed to moisture and friction, making it more prone to irritation. Diaper cream is specifically formulated to address these issues. However, the skin on other parts of the body may not require the same level of occlusive protection and may react negatively to the thick, pasty consistency of diaper cream. Therefore, it is crucial to use products as intended and to avoid using diaper cream as a substitute for sunscreen.
Difficulty in Removal
One practical issue with using diaper cream as sunscreen is the difficulty in removing it from the skin. Diaper creams are designed to adhere well to the skin to provide a long-lasting barrier against moisture and irritants. This thick, pasty consistency makes it effective in preventing diaper rash, but it also makes it challenging to wash off completely. When applied over large areas of the body, diaper cream can be difficult to remove with just soap and water. It may require multiple washes or the use of specialized cleansers to fully eliminate the residue. This can be particularly problematic if the cream is applied to hairy areas or areas with skin folds, where it can become trapped. The difficulty in removal can lead to a buildup of cream on the skin, which can further contribute to clogged pores and irritation. Additionally, the extra effort required to remove the cream can be uncomfortable, especially for children. The sticky texture of diaper cream can also attract dirt and debris, making the skin feel unclean. This can be particularly bothersome in outdoor settings, where the skin is more likely to come into contact with environmental pollutants. In contrast, sunscreen is formulated to be easily absorbed into the skin or to create a thin, even layer that can be washed off without much effort. The lighter consistency of sunscreen makes it practical for everyday use and ensures that it does not leave a greasy or sticky residue. Therefore, the difficulty in removal is another reason why diaper cream is not a suitable substitute for sunscreen. The hassle of removing the cream can outweigh any perceived benefits, especially when the primary purpose of sun protection is not being achieved.
In conclusion, using diaper cream as sunscreen can have several negative consequences, including a lack of sun protection, potential skin reactions, and difficulty in removal. It is essential to understand the distinct functions of diaper cream and sunscreen and to use each product as intended to ensure the health and safety of your child's skin.
How to Differentiate Between Diaper Cream and Sunscreen
To avoid accidentally using diaper cream instead of sunscreen, it is essential to know how to differentiate between the two products. The most effective way to distinguish between diaper cream and sunscreen involves examining their packaging, consistency, and ingredients. By paying close attention to these factors, you can ensure that you are using the correct product for its intended purpose. Proper identification is crucial in protecting your child's skin from both diaper rash and sun damage. The confusion between diaper cream and sunscreen often arises due to their similar white appearance, but a closer look reveals significant differences.
Packaging and Labeling
The packaging and labeling of diaper cream and sunscreen provide the first and most straightforward clues about their contents. Sunscreens are typically labeled with an Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, indicating the level of protection they offer against UVB rays. The SPF value is a critical piece of information that is not found on diaper cream packaging. Sunscreens also often include statements about broad-spectrum protection, meaning they protect against both UVA and UVB rays. This is another key indicator that the product is designed for sun protection. Look for terms like "broad spectrum," "UVA/UVB protection," or specific SPF numbers (such as SPF 30, SPF 50, etc.) on the label. These terms are regulated and indicate that the product has been tested and proven to provide sun protection. Diaper creams, on the other hand, do not have SPF values or broad-spectrum claims. Instead, their packaging will focus on their ability to treat and prevent diaper rash. Common terms found on diaper cream labels include "diaper rash cream," "barrier cream," "zinc oxide cream," and "for diaper rash." The packaging may also highlight ingredients known for their skin-soothing and protective properties, such as zinc oxide, petrolatum, and lanolin. Furthermore, the directions for use differ significantly between the two products. Sunscreens instruct users to apply liberally 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure and to reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating. Diaper creams, in contrast, are designed to be applied to clean, dry skin at each diaper change. The packaging may also provide specific instructions for treating diaper rash, such as applying a thick layer to the affected area. By carefully reading the packaging and labeling, you can quickly determine whether a product is intended for sun protection or diaper rash treatment. This simple step can prevent accidental misuse and ensure that your child's skin is properly cared for.
Consistency and Texture
The consistency and texture of diaper cream and sunscreen are also noticeably different. Diaper creams typically have a thick, pasty consistency that allows them to adhere well to the skin and create a protective barrier. This thickness is essential for preventing moisture and irritants from reaching the skin, making them effective in treating and preventing diaper rash. The texture of diaper cream is often described as being heavy and slightly sticky. When applied, it forms a visible layer on the skin that can be somewhat difficult to rub in completely. This is because diaper creams are designed to stay in place and provide long-lasting protection. Sunscreens, on the other hand, have a lighter consistency that allows them to be easily spread over large areas of the body. Mineral sunscreens, which contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, may have a slightly thicker consistency than chemical sunscreens, but they are still generally thinner and easier to apply than diaper cream. Chemical sunscreens are often formulated to be quickly absorbed into the skin, leaving little to no visible residue. This allows for a more even application and avoids the heavy, sticky feeling associated with diaper cream. The texture of sunscreen is typically smooth and non-greasy. When applied, it should spread easily and absorb into the skin without leaving a thick layer. This makes sunscreen more comfortable to wear over large areas of the body and less likely to clog pores. By feeling the consistency and texture of the product, you can often tell whether it is diaper cream or sunscreen. The thick, pasty feel of diaper cream is a distinct characteristic that sets it apart from the lighter, more spreadable texture of sunscreen. This tactile difference can be a helpful way to quickly identify the correct product, especially when you are in a hurry or have multiple products on hand.
Ingredients
A closer look at the ingredients listed on the product label can also help you differentiate between diaper cream and sunscreen. Diaper creams typically contain ingredients such as zinc oxide, petrolatum, lanolin, and dimethicone. Zinc oxide is a key ingredient known for its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. It forms a physical barrier that protects the skin from moisture and irritants. Petrolatum, also known as petroleum jelly, is an emollient that helps to lock in moisture and keep the skin hydrated. Lanolin, derived from sheep's wool, is another emollient that softens the skin and helps to maintain its natural moisture balance. Dimethicone is a silicone-based ingredient that helps to create a protective barrier on the skin. These ingredients work together to soothe irritated skin and prevent further irritation. Sunscreens, on the other hand, contain active ingredients that either absorb or reflect UV rays. Mineral sunscreens contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which create a physical barrier that reflects UV rays. Chemical sunscreens contain chemicals such as avobenzone, octinoxate, and oxybenzone, which absorb UV radiation and release it as heat. The presence of these UV-absorbing or UV-reflecting ingredients is a clear indicator that the product is designed for sun protection. In addition to the active ingredients, sunscreens may also contain other ingredients such as antioxidants, moisturizers, and preservatives. However, the key difference lies in the presence of UV-protective ingredients. By reviewing the ingredient list, you can easily determine whether a product is intended for diaper rash treatment or sun protection. If you see ingredients like zinc oxide and petrolatum, it is likely a diaper cream. If you see SPF values and ingredients like avobenzone or titanium dioxide, it is likely a sunscreen. This information can be invaluable in preventing accidental misuse and ensuring that your child's skin receives the appropriate care. In summary, differentiating between diaper cream and sunscreen involves examining their packaging, consistency, and ingredients. By paying attention to these details, you can avoid accidental misuse and ensure that you are using the right product for the right purpose.
First Aid Steps If You Accidentally Apply Diaper Cream Instead of Sunscreen
If you accidentally apply diaper cream instead of sunscreen, it's essential to take immediate steps to minimize any potential harm. The first step is to recognize the mistake and act quickly to rectify the situation. Since diaper cream does not provide adequate sun protection, prolonged exposure to the sun can result in sunburn. Therefore, prompt action is crucial. The first aid steps involve removing the diaper cream, protecting the skin from the sun, and monitoring for any adverse reactions. Knowing what to do in this situation can help prevent significant discomfort and potential skin damage. The initial moments after realizing the mistake are critical in mitigating the risks.
Remove the Diaper Cream
The first and most crucial step is to remove the diaper cream from the skin as thoroughly as possible. Diaper cream is designed to create a barrier, which means it will not protect against the sun's rays and can even trap heat, potentially exacerbating the effects of sun exposure. Use a gentle cleanser and lukewarm water to wash the skin. Avoid using harsh soaps or scrubbing vigorously, as this can irritate the skin further. The goal is to remove the cream without causing additional stress to the skin. If you are in a situation where water is not readily available, such as at the beach or park, use a clean, soft cloth or baby wipes to wipe off as much of the cream as possible. Remember to be gentle and avoid rubbing the skin too hard. Once you have access to water, wash the skin thoroughly with a mild cleanser. Pay particular attention to areas where the cream may have been applied thickly or in skin folds, where it can be more difficult to remove. It may be necessary to wash the skin multiple times to ensure that all the diaper cream is removed. After washing, pat the skin dry with a soft towel. Avoid rubbing, as this can cause friction and irritation. Ensure the skin is completely dry before applying sunscreen or other protective measures. Removing the diaper cream promptly is essential to prevent sunburn and other potential skin reactions. This step sets the stage for providing proper sun protection and minimizing any adverse effects of the accidental application.
Apply Sunscreen
After removing the diaper cream, the next crucial step is to apply sunscreen to the exposed skin. This is essential to protect the skin from harmful UV rays. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB rays, providing comprehensive sun protection. Apply the sunscreen liberally, ensuring that all exposed areas are covered. Pay particular attention to areas that are commonly missed, such as the ears, nose, lips, and the back of the neck. Sunscreen should be applied 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure to allow it to be absorbed into the skin. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating. Even waterproof sunscreens need to be reapplied regularly to maintain their effectiveness. When applying sunscreen, it is important to use enough product to create a protective layer on the skin. A general guideline is to use about one ounce (a shot glass full) for the entire body. If you are only applying sunscreen to specific areas, such as the face and arms, adjust the amount accordingly. If the skin has already been exposed to the sun for a period of time without protection, it is even more critical to apply sunscreen as soon as possible. While sunscreen cannot reverse sun damage, it can help prevent further harm. In addition to applying sunscreen, consider other sun protection measures, such as wearing protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses. Seek shade whenever possible, especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). Applying sunscreen is a vital step in protecting the skin after accidentally using diaper cream instead of sunscreen. It helps to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of long-term skin damage.
Monitor for Skin Reactions
Following the application of sunscreen, it is important to monitor for skin reactions. While diaper cream is generally safe for use in the diaper area, applying it to other parts of the body, especially over large areas, can sometimes lead to irritation or allergic reactions. Watch for signs such as redness, itching, swelling, or rash. These symptoms can indicate that the skin is reacting negatively to the diaper cream or other factors, such as sun exposure. If you notice any of these reactions, take immediate action to soothe the skin and prevent further irritation. Start by gently washing the affected area with mild soap and cool water. Pat the skin dry and avoid rubbing, as this can exacerbate the irritation. Apply a cool compress to the affected area to help reduce inflammation and itching. You can use a clean cloth soaked in cool water or a cold pack wrapped in a towel. Over-the-counter antihistamine creams or oral antihistamines can help relieve itching and other allergic symptoms. Follow the instructions on the product label and consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns. If the skin reaction is severe or does not improve with home treatment, seek medical attention. Severe reactions may include blistering, significant swelling, or signs of infection. A healthcare professional can evaluate the condition and recommend appropriate treatment. In addition to monitoring for reactions to the diaper cream, also watch for signs of sunburn. Sunburn symptoms include redness, pain, and blistering. If sunburn occurs, treat it by applying cool compresses, using aloe vera gel, and staying hydrated. Avoid further sun exposure until the skin has healed. Monitoring for skin reactions is an essential part of the first aid process after accidentally using diaper cream instead of sunscreen. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure the skin heals properly.
In summary, if you accidentally apply diaper cream instead of sunscreen, the key steps are to remove the cream, apply sunscreen, and monitor for skin reactions. These actions will help protect the skin from sun damage and address any potential adverse effects of the accidental application.
Preventing Future Mistakes
Preventing future mistakes when it comes to skincare products is crucial for ensuring the health and safety of your child's skin. Accidental application of the wrong product can lead to discomfort, irritation, and even more serious issues like sunburn. Implementing a few simple strategies can significantly reduce the risk of such errors. These strategies include proper storage, careful reading of labels, and maintaining awareness. By taking these precautions, you can create a safer environment for your child's skincare routine. The peace of mind that comes with knowing you are using the right products correctly is invaluable.
Proper Storage
One of the most effective ways to prevent accidental misuse of skincare products is to implement proper storage. Organize your skincare items in a way that minimizes the chances of grabbing the wrong product. Keep diaper cream and sunscreen in separate locations, ideally in different rooms or areas of the house. For instance, store diaper cream near the changing table or in the nursery, while keeping sunscreen in a bag designated for outdoor activities or in a bathroom cabinet. This physical separation makes it less likely that you will reach for the diaper cream when you need sunscreen. Within each storage area, further organize the products by type. Use shelves, drawers, or containers to keep similar items together. For example, group all diaper creams in one container and all sunscreens in another. This internal organization makes it easier to locate the specific product you need quickly and accurately. If you have multiple tubes or containers of similar-looking products, consider using labels to clearly identify each one. Write the name of the product (e.g., "Diaper Cream" or "Sunscreen") on a label and attach it to the container. This simple step can prevent confusion, especially when you are in a hurry or someone else is using the products. Avoid storing skincare products in direct sunlight or extreme temperatures, as this can degrade their effectiveness. Store them in a cool, dry place, such as a cabinet or drawer. Check the expiration dates on all skincare products regularly and discard any that have expired. Expired products may not be as effective and can potentially cause skin irritation. Proper storage not only prevents accidental misuse but also helps to maintain the quality and efficacy of your skincare products. By creating a well-organized and labeled storage system, you can significantly reduce the risk of using the wrong product and ensure that your child's skin receives the proper care.
Reading Labels Carefully
Reading labels carefully is another essential strategy for preventing accidental misuse of skincare products. Before applying any product to your child's skin, take a moment to read the label thoroughly. Pay attention to the product name, intended use, ingredients, and directions for use. This simple step can help you confirm that you are using the correct product for the right purpose. Start by reading the product name and description. This will give you a general idea of what the product is intended for. Look for keywords such as "diaper rash cream," "barrier cream," "sunscreen," or "broad spectrum SPF." These terms provide clear indications of the product's function. Review the ingredient list to identify the active ingredients. Diaper creams typically contain ingredients like zinc oxide, petrolatum, and lanolin, while sunscreens contain UV-absorbing or UV-reflecting ingredients such as avobenzone, octinoxate, or titanium dioxide. Recognizing these ingredients can help you confirm that the product matches its label description. Pay close attention to the directions for use. Sunscreens should be applied liberally 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating. Diaper creams are typically applied to clean, dry skin at each diaper change. The specific instructions for application can help you differentiate between the two products. Be particularly cautious when using products that have similar packaging or consistency. If two products look alike, reading the label becomes even more critical. Take the time to compare the labels and ensure that you are selecting the correct one. If you are unsure about a product's intended use or have any questions about the ingredients, consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist. They can provide guidance and help you choose the right products for your child's skin. Making a habit of reading labels carefully can significantly reduce the risk of accidental misuse and ensure that you are using skincare products safely and effectively. This simple practice can protect your child's skin from potential harm and promote overall skin health.
Maintaining Awareness
Maintaining awareness of the products you are using is a crucial aspect of preventing accidental misuse. Being mindful and present during your skincare routine can help you avoid mistakes and ensure that you are applying the correct products. This involves paying attention to the task at hand and minimizing distractions. When you are focused and attentive, you are less likely to grab the wrong product or apply it incorrectly. Create a calm and organized environment for your skincare routine. This can help reduce stress and distractions, making it easier to concentrate on the task. Avoid multitasking while applying skincare products. Trying to do too many things at once can increase the risk of making a mistake. Set aside dedicated time for skincare and focus solely on that task. Before you start, double-check the product you have selected to ensure it is the correct one. Look at the packaging, read the label, and confirm that it is the product you intend to use. If you are using multiple products, arrange them in the order you will be applying them. This can help you avoid confusion and ensure that you follow the correct sequence. Be especially careful when you are tired or rushed. Fatigue and time pressure can impair your judgment and increase the likelihood of errors. If you are feeling overwhelmed, take a moment to pause and gather your thoughts before proceeding. If someone else is assisting with your child's skincare routine, communicate clearly about the products you are using and their intended purpose. This helps prevent misunderstandings and ensures that everyone is on the same page. Make it a habit to review your skincare routine periodically. Check the products you are using, the methods you are applying, and the results you are achieving. This can help you identify any areas for improvement and ensure that you are providing the best possible care for your child's skin. Maintaining awareness is a proactive approach to preventing accidental misuse of skincare products. By staying focused, organized, and mindful, you can create a safer and more effective skincare routine for your child.
In conclusion, preventing future mistakes when applying skincare products involves proper storage, careful reading of labels, and maintaining awareness. By implementing these strategies, you can minimize the risk of accidental misuse and protect your child's skin health.
Conclusion
In conclusion, mistaking diaper cream for sunscreen, while a common error, can have significant consequences for a child's skin. Understanding the differences between these two products, the potential effects of misuse, and the steps to take in case of accidental application is crucial for ensuring your child’s well-being. Diaper cream, designed to protect against moisture and irritation in the diaper area, lacks the UV-protective properties of sunscreen. Therefore, using it as a substitute can leave the skin vulnerable to sunburn and long-term damage. The key takeaways from this guide include the importance of differentiating between diaper cream and sunscreen through their packaging, consistency, and ingredients. Proper storage, careful label reading, and maintaining awareness during application are essential preventive measures. If a mistake occurs, prompt removal of the diaper cream, application of sunscreen, and monitoring for skin reactions are vital first aid steps. By implementing these strategies, parents and caregivers can safeguard children’s skin health and prevent future errors. The information provided in this guide serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding and addressing the risks associated with mistaking diaper cream for sunscreen, ultimately promoting better skincare practices and ensuring the safety and comfort of children.
